Environmental Diplomacy: Examining Multilateral Framework Effectiveness in Promoting Proactive Climate Change Response
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23918/ejmss.V6i2p20Keywords:
Climate change, , Environmental diplomacy, , multilateralism,, International Cooperation,, Climate policy,Abstract
Climate change is one of the greatest threats of any generation, it is a global issue that needs to be addressed through proper climate diplomacy. Thus, diplomacy is very important in this regard tackling the worldwide difficulties presented by climate change and generates a system that combines most of the governments regardless of their size and location to cooperate, discuss and find an optimum solutions. States must build internal capacities for successful climate diplomacy, as it has become a primary foreign policy instrument in the international climate regime, although many major states contribute it to climate diplomacy, such as the European union, china and the united states, yet there are many obstacles and challenges, In addition to other states from different continent such as Africa and Asia, lacks participating in global climate politics due to environmental degradation and lack of preparedness, Hence, the core of the research problem is located in the conflict of interests between the need to address the climate change issue with the collective effort and promotion of national interests by states. The study uses a qualitative framework that especially makes use of document analysis as the main approach of data collecting and policy analysis as the method data analysis with the focus on case studies. Furthermore, The purpose of the research is to analyze the potential and the flaws of the climate diplomacy as the means of tackling various aspects of climate change crisis. And assess the role of the existing multilateral climate diplomacy frameworks such as the united nation framework convention on climate change and Paris Agreement in fostering collective efforts and progress towards emission cuts and development of climate resilience.
References
Abbas, G., Raza, M. A., Ahmed, M., Saeed, A., Khalid, M. H., Manzoor, A., Awan, T. H., Kheir, A. M., Nasim, W., & Ahmad, S. (2023). Global framework on climate change. Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture, 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26692-8_1
Aderinto, N. (2023). Tropical cyclone Freddy exposes major health risks in the hardest-hit Southern African countries: Lessons for climate change adaptation. International Journal of Surgery: Global Health, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000152
AghaKouchak, A., Chiang, F., Huning, L. S., Love, C. A., Mallakpour, I., Mazdiyasni, O., Moftakhari, H., Papalexiou, S. M., Ragno, E., & Sadegh, M. (2020). Climate extremes and compound hazards in a warming world. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 48(1), 519–548. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-071719-055228
Ballester, J., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Méndez Turrubiates, R. F., Pegenaute, F., Herrmann, F. R., Robine, J. M., Basagaña, X., Tonne, C., Antó, J. M., & Achebak, H. (2023). Heat-related mortality in Europe during the summer of 2022. Nature Medicine, 29(7), 1857–1866. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02419-z
BB, S., & S, P. (2018). International climate change policymaking: An outline of the post-Paris framework. Journal of Pollution Effects & Control, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4397.1000224
Compernicus. (n.d.). 2023: A year of intense global wildfire activity. Home. https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/2023-year-intense-global-wildfire-activity
Cred. (2024, April 17). Cred Crunch Newsletter, issue no. 74 (April 2024) disaster year in review 2023 - world. ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/cred-crunch-newsletter-issue-no-74-april-2024-disaster-year-review-2023
Dikaios, G. (2024). Performing normative climate diplomacy at the international level. Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics, 157–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51123-3_5
Du Plessis, A. (2018). Climate change: Current drivers, observations, and impacts on the globe’s natural and human systems. Springer Water, 27–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03186-2_3
EI Kenawy, A. M., Al‐Awadhi, T., Abdullah, M., Jawarneh, R., & Abulibdeh, A. (2023). A preliminary assessment of global CO₂: Spatial patterns, temporal trends, and policy implications. Global Challenges, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202300184
Filonchyk, M., Peterson, M. P., Zhang, L., Hurynovich, V., & He, Y. (2024). Greenhouse gases emissions and global climate change: Examining the influence of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O. Science of The Total Environment, 935, 173359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173359
Gallo, E., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Méndez Turrubiates, R. F., Tonne, C., Basagaña, X., Achebak, H., & Ballester, J. (2024). Heat-related mortality in Europe during 2023 and the role of adaptation in protecting health. Nature Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03186-1
International Energy Agency. (2024). CO₂ emissions in 2023 – Analysis. IEA. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2023
IPCC. (2023). Summary for policymakers. In Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 1–34. https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.001
Jain, P. C. (1993). Greenhouse effect and climate change: Scientific basis and overview. Renewable Energy, 3(4–5), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(93)90108-s
Koornneef, J., Van, T., Van, A., & Ramirez, A. (2011). Carbon dioxide captures and air quality. Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality. https://doi.org/10.5772/18075
Kuyper, J., Schroeder, H., & Linnér, B.-O. (2018). The evolution of the UNFCCC. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 43(1), 343–368. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-030119
LeComte, D. (2023). U.S. weather highlights 2022—drought, flash floods, severe outbreaks, Hurricane Ian, blockbuster winter storms. Weatherwise, 76(3), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00431672.2023.2180974
Li, Z., England, M. H., & Groeskamp, S. (2023). Recent acceleration in global ocean heat accumulation by mode and intermediate waters. Nature Communications, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42468-z
Lindsey, R. (2024, April 9). Climate change: Atmospheric carbon dioxide. NOAA Climate.gov. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide
Liu, M., Trugman, A. T., Peñuelas, J., & Anderegg, W. R. (2024). Climate-driven disturbances amplify forest drought sensitivity. Nature Climate Change, 14(7), 746–752. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02022-1
Liu, Z., Deng, Z., Davis, S. J., & Ciais, P. (2024a). Global carbon emissions in 2023. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 5(4), 253–254. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00532-2
Mukherjee, K., & Ouattara, B. (2021). Climate and monetary policy: Do temperature shocks lead to inflationary pressures? Climatic Change, 167(3–4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03149-2
Munge, K. (2023). Climate diplomacy and geopolitics: Exploring the role of climate policy in international relations. Journal of Climate Policy, 2(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.47941/jcp.1546
Nicolas, L., & Kallab, E. (2021). Towards a more effective environmental governance. Effective Forms of Environmental Diplomacy, 40–54. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003033868-4
OCHA. (2023, September 18). Libya: Flood update flash update No. 4 (18 September 2023) (as of 3 pm local time) - Libya. ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/libya-flood-update-flash-update-no4-18-september-2023-3pm-local-time
Ramonet, M., Chatterjee, A., Ciais, P., Levin, I., Sha, M. K., Steinbacher, M., & Sweeney, C. (2023). CO₂ in the atmosphere: Growth and trends since 1850. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.863
Rashid, M., & Altaf, L. (2020). Climate change and human security in South Asia: Case study of Bangladesh. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3630193
Rudnik, E. (2024). Review on Gallium in Coal and Coal Waste Materials: Exploring Strategies for Hydrometallurgical Metal Recovery. Molecules, 29(24), 5919. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245919
Sarkodie, S. A., & Strezov, V. (2019). Economic, social and governance adaptation readiness for mitigation of climate change vulnerability: Evidence from 192 countries. Science of The Total Environment, 656, 150–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.349
Securitycouncilreport. United Nations. (2011). https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/CC%20SPRST%202011%205.pdf
Shao, W. (2023). Environmental diplomacy in transition: Contemporary impediments and policy countermeasures. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, 24(1), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/24/20230576
Sharma, L. P. (2024). Role of international relations to solve environmental issues: An emerging discourse. Journal of Environment Sciences, 10, 163–176. https://doi.org/10.3126/jes.v10i1.67300
Tänzler, D., & Carius, A. (2013). Beyond international climate negotiations: Climate diplomacy from a foreign policy perspective. Climate Change: International Law and Global Governance, 259–275. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845242774-259
Tayebi, S., Moosavi, S. F., & Poorhashemi, S. A. (2016). Environmental diplomacy: A framework for growth of international interaction and cooperation for achievement of global peace. Journal of Politics and Law, 9(9), 150. https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n9p150
Torney, D., & Cross, M. K. (2017). Environmental and climate diplomacy: Building coalitions through persuasion. European Union External Environmental Policy, 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60931-7_3
UNEP, U. (n.d.). Spreading like wildfire: The rising threat of extraordinary landscape fires. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/spreading-wildfire-rising-threat-extraordinary-landscape-fires?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwlIG2BhC4ARIsADBgpVSC64_XAQkS1X1ejfCoZAEKmjYRsU4t2Kc68hLyJpQpowciXUX100IaAoqeEALw_wcB
United Nations. (2009). Climate change and its possible security implications. United Nations. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/667264?ln=en
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2024, April 25). U.S. energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, 2023. EIA. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov
Wei, T., Yang, S., Moore, J. C., Shi, P., Cui, X., Duan, Q., Xu, B., Dai, Y., Yuan, W., Wei, X., Yang, Z., Wen, T., Teng, F., Gao, Y., Chou, J., Yan, X., Wei, Z., Guo, Y., Jiang, Y., … Dong, W. (2012). Developed and developing world responsibilities for historical climate change and CO₂ mitigation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(32), 12911–12915. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1203282109
WEF. (2020). Global risks report 2020. World Economic Forum. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risk_Report_2020.pdf
Yamin, F., & Depledge, J. (2004). Linkages. The International Climate Change Regime, 509–543. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511494659.019
Yue, X.-L., & Gao, Q.-X. (2018). Contributions of natural systems and human activity to greenhouse gas emissions. Advances in Climate Change Research, 9, 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2018.12.003
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dana Sajadi
Eurasian Journal of Management & Social Sciences (EJMSS)
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 2.0 Generic Licence (CC BY-NC 2.0)
