An Empirical Analysis of the Economic Values Variable, ‘Competition Is Good or Harmful’ Variances Based on Gender, Age and Education- Evidence from World Values Survey

Sultana Begum

Department of Business and Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Corresponding email: [email protected]

 

Abstract

According to the Cambridge dictionary, competition is a situation in which someone is trying to win something or be more successful than someone else. The word competition is used in different contexts with different meanings. For example, competition between the players of a sport, competition between different companies selling the same product, competition among the students to come first in the race or class, and so on. In Economics the word competition has a different meaning. It depends on the economic values a person holds. The main objective of this study is to explore the economic values variable “Competition is good or harmful” from different cultures and nations’ perspectives taking the data from the world values survey the seventh wave. Another objective is to analyze whether any variance of opinion exists among the respondents based on gender, age and education. The study applied exploratory methodology taking the data from 84 countries, where the number of respondents is N= (1,24,443) among which there are (57,865) males and (66,578) female participants across nations. Mann-Whitney-U- Test and Kruskal Wallis tests are run to find the variance. The major findings include that there is significant variance exists in the perception of male and female participants as well as variance exist with different age groups and educational qualifications.

Keywords: Competition, Economic Values, Gender, Age, Education. Variance

 

Download the PDF Document

Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.23918/ejmss.V2i3p58

Published: November 30, 2021

 

 

References

Begum, S. (2021). “Economic Values and Gender Variance An Empirical analysis.”. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI), 4224-4223.

Bishop, C. (2020). Winning isn’t everything. Retrieved Jan 2022, from Teachwire: https://teachwire.net/news/winning-isnt-everything-why-too-much-competition-is-bad-for-schools-and-students

Brynne C, D., & Tricomi, E. (2015). The power of competition: Effects of social motivation on attention, sustained physical effort, and learning. PubMed Central. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01282

Competition Bureau. (2022, Jan). Why competition matters. Retrieved Jan 2022, from Competitionbureau: https://competitionbureau.gc.ca/eic/site/cb-bc.nsf/eng/04568.html

Dehejia, V. (2015). Why competition may sometimes be harmful. Retrieved Jan 2022, from Livemint: https://livemint.com/Sundayapp/FP32Ew8uSsTsk40EfG5DuN/Why-competition-may-sometimes-be-harmful.html

Haerpfer, C., R, I., M. A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano, J,  Puranen, B. (2020). World Values Survey: Round Seven – Country-Pooled Datafile. WorldValuesSurvey. doi:doi.org/10.14281/18241.13

Harrison, D. C. (2017). 5 Reasons Why Competition is Good. Retrieved Jan 2022, from Autmillennium: https://news.autmillennium.org.nz/athlete-development/5-reasons-competition/

Kavulu, A., & Begum, S. (2021, December). “An empirical analysis of Ethical Values and Norms – variances based on Education and Gender on Justification of Violence.”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies, 298-310.

Kristensen, F., Troeng, O., Safavi, M., & Narayanan, P. (2015). Competition in higher education – good or bad? Retrieved Jan 2022, from LUND University: https://lucris.lub.lu.se/ws/portalfiles/portal/5680982/8519800.pdf

Manikandan, A. (2019). Why Competition is not as Beneficial for Society as People Might Think. Retrieved Jan 2022, from Medium: https://medium.com/20manikandanad/why-competition-is-not-as-beneficial-for-society-as-people-might-think-4c5de8a7207c

Saltzman, J. (2014). Why Competition Is Good. Retrieved Jan 2022, from Entrepreneur: https://entrepreneur.com/article/239043

Sky Bound. (2020, Feb). Unhealthy and Healthy Competition. Retrieved Jan 2022, from Sky Bound: https://goskybound.com/unhealthy-and-healthy-competition/

Stucke, M. E. (2014). Is competition always good? Journal of Antitrust Enforcement, 162-197. Retrieved Jan 2022, from Academic: https://academic.oup.com/antitrust/article/1/1/162/274807#91615658

Visits: 48