An Empirical Analysis of the Economic Values Variable, ‘Competition Is Good or Harmful’ Variances Based on Gender, Age and Education- Evidence from World Values Survey
Sultana Begum
Department of Business and Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Corresponding email: [email protected]
Abstract
According to the Cambridge dictionary, competition is a situation in which someone is trying to win something or be more successful than someone else. The word competition is used in different contexts with different meanings. For example, competition between the players of a sport, competition between different companies selling the same product, competition among the students to come first in the race or class, and so on. In Economics the word competition has a different meaning. It depends on the economic values a person holds. The main objective of this study is to explore the economic values variable “Competition is good or harmful” from different cultures and nations’ perspectives taking the data from the world values survey the seventh wave. Another objective is to analyze whether any variance of opinion exists among the respondents based on gender, age and education. The study applied exploratory methodology taking the data from 84 countries, where the number of respondents is N= (1,24,443) among which there are (57,865) males and (66,578) female participants across nations. Mann-Whitney-U- Test and Kruskal Wallis tests are run to find the variance. The major findings include that there is significant variance exists in the perception of male and female participants as well as variance exist with different age groups and educational qualifications.
Keywords: Competition, Economic Values, Gender, Age, Education. Variance
Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.23918/ejmss.V2i3p58
Published: November 30, 2021
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