Begum, S. and Musa, B. 2023. Formal Education System in Iraq: Upskilling and Reskilling for Employment and Self-Reliance. Eurasian Journal of Management & Social Sciences - Open Access. 4, 1 (Aug. 2023), 116–138. DOI:https://doi.org/10.23918/ejmss.V4i1p116.